Petroleum refining in nontechnical language largest oil refinery petrol refinery oil refining companies oil refinery plant

Petroleum refining in nontechnical language largest oil refinery petrol refinery oil refining companies oil refinery plant

What is crude petroleum?

Petroleum  is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation.

Desalting and dewatering system

Generally, prilimilary desalting system is applicated to reduce the velocity of the crude oil. When necessary, the secondary desalting system is required. The water content will also be separated at this stage. This is an important process for later oil refining as pretreatment.

Pressure system

Pressure system for the separation of diesel systems, depending on the density and viscosity of diesel fuel, crude into light diesel oil, heavy diesel oil. The main component is C₉-C₂₂ alkane, cycloalkane, or an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Vacuum tower system

Depressurization system separated base oil component, three-side outlet fractionation to obtain oil base stocks of different viscosities. The main component C₂₀-C₄₀ paraffinic, naphthenic or aromatic hydrocarbons.

Atmospheric and vacuum furnace

The material is heated into the rectification column. The inner coil, can pass into the steam to prevent coking production.

Tubular Furnace(cupola)

This is a kind of vertical cylindrical furnace. The lower part of this furnace is the radiation chamber, vertical tube furnace is installed at the wall. Central is a convection chamber, a horizontal tube furnace is mounted at its inner part. The upper part of the furnace is a flue. And the lower center is mounted a mixing oil and gas burner. This device is for pre-treatment as well as gasoline and diesel separation.

In the presence of a catalyst, the process of rearranging the molecular structure of hydrocarbons in gasoline fractions to a new molecular structure is called catalytic reforming. It is a process naphtha obtained  is converted into an aromatic hydrocarbon-rich, high-octane gasoline(liquefied petroleum gas and hydrogen as byproducts) when heating with catalyst in hydrogen pressure condition.