EV charging cable connector specification standard

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The connectors used for electric vehicle (EV) charging are both standardized and evolving. On the one hand, EV charging connectors have been standardized according to today's technical limitations. Standards exist for major regional markets, including North America, Japan, the European Union and China. However, current charging technology is limited in power. This FAQ first reviews the state of standardization of EV charger connectors and then describes connectors for higher power and faster charging technologies.

For example：

DC fast charger connectors: Current DC fast chargers use 480 V mains power for faster charging. This input voltage level is expected to rise in the future as higher power and faster charging technologies become available.

Connectors: DC Extreme Charging (XFC) is an emerging technology that allows for fast charging of electric vehicles at 350 kW or higher. This is great, but it also presents challenges, including effective thermal management. DC fast chargers rely on larger conductors to help minimize IR losses and heat generation. If not designed properly, cables and connectors can become bulky, hot and difficult to handle.

EV charger connectors have been regionally standardized to support current charging technologies. In the future, AC charging Level 1 and Level 2 connectors are expected to continue to be used. But to get higher power DC charging to support XFC and other technologies, connector technology needs to change. One proposal being implemented is to add liquid cooling to cables and connectors so that the existing DC fast charging connector format can support higher power levels without overheating. In addition, SAE has recently introduced the J3105 standard that defines the charging interface for heavy-duty vehicles.

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